A Breed of Cattle Taht Is Red With a White Raised and Raised Primarily for Beef Production

Breed of cattle

Beef cattle are cattle raised for meat production (every bit distinguished from dairy cattle, used for milk production). The meat of mature or almost mature cattle is more often than not known every bit beef. In beef production there are three chief stages: moo-cow-dogie operations, backgrounding, and feedlot operations. The production cycle of the animals start at moo-cow-calf operations; this operation is designed specifically to breed cows for their offspring. From here the calves are backgrounded for a feedlot. Animals grown specifically for the feedlot are known as feeder cattle, the goal of these animals is fattening. Animals not grown for a feedlot are typically female and are commonly known as replacement heifers. While the principal apply of beef cattle is meat production, other uses include leather, and beef by-products used in candy, shampoo, cosmetics, and insulin.

Calving and breeding [edit]

Besides breeding to meet the demand for beef product, owners also use selective breeding to attain specific traits in their beefiness cattle. An case of a desired trait could be leaner meat^[ane] or resistance to affliction.^[2] Breeds known as dual-purpose are likewise used for beefiness production. These breeds accept been selected for 2 purposes at once, such every bit both beef and dairy product, or both beef and draught. Dual-purpose breeds include many of the Zebu breeds of Bharat such as Tharparkar and Ongole Cattle. In that location are multiple continental breeds that were bred for this purpose equally well. The original Simmental/Fleckvieh from Switzerland is a prime example. Not only are they a dual-purpose breed for beef and dairy, but in the past they were as well used for draught. Even so, throughout the generations, the breed has diverged into two groups through selective breeding.^[iii]

Well-nigh beefiness cattle are mated naturally, whereby a bull is released into a cowherd approximately 55 days after the calving period, depending on the cows' body condition score (BCS). If it was a cow's first time calving, she will take longer to re-breed by at least 10 days.^[four] However, beef cattle can also be bred through bogus insemination,^[one] depending on the moo-cow and the size of the herd. Cattle are normally bred during the summer so that calving may occur the post-obit spring.^[ane] However, cattle convenance can occur at other times of year. Depending on the operation, calving may occur all twelvemonth round. Owners tin can select the breeding fourth dimension based on a number of factors, including reproductive functioning, seasonal cattle pricing and handling facilities.^[1]

There are many factors that come into play when selecting for a balderdash. Some of the almost important factors are affliction prevention/spread. Buying a bull who hasn't been tested for mutual diseases is a adventure, it would more than likely transmit to a whole herd. Purchasing genetics that will better the original herd rather than remaining the same or decreasing. Some brood for mothering abilities, some for size, some for meat properties, etc. Breeding Soundness Exam or BSE are essential to the quality of whatever bull, a general physical exam and inspection of both the genital organs and their productivity.^[5] Knowing more data well-nigh the creature will aid brand an educated decision.

Cattle maintenance [edit]

Cattle handlers are expected to maintain a low stress environment for their herds, involving constant safety, health, comfort, nourishment and humane handling. According to the Canadian National Farm Animal Intendance Council, beef cattle must accept access to shelter from farthermost weather, safety handling and equipment, veterinary care and humane slaughter.^[6] If an animal is infected or suspected to have an illness, it is the responsibility of the owners to report it immediately to a practicing veterinarian for either handling or euthanasia.^[seven] Depending on a multitude of factors (flavor, type of production arrangement, stocking density, etc.), affliction and disease can spread quickly through the herd from animal to animal.^[8] Owners are expected to monitor their cattle's condition regularly for early detection and treatment, as some cattle illnesses can threaten both cattle and human wellness (known as zoonotic)^[vi] equally witnessed with Mad moo-cow illness and Tuberculosis.

On average, cattle will consume 1.iv to four% of their body weight daily.^[9] At that place are a range of types of feed available for these animals. The standard text in the United States, Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle, has been through eight editions over at least seventy years.^[10] The 1996 seventh edition substituted the concept of metabolizeable protein for the sixth edition'due south crude protein.^{[eleven] [12]} In the 20th century, Canadian do followed the American guidance.^[13] Already in 1970, the Food and Drug Assistants was regulating pharmaceutical supplements in beef cattle feed such as hormones and prophylactic antibiotics.^[14]

Some animals live on pasture their unabridged lives and therefore just experience fresh grass, these are typically cow-dogie operations in more than tropical climates. Backgrounded calves and feedlot animals tend to have unlike diets that contain more than grain than the pasture type. Grain is more expensive than pasture but the animals grow faster with the higher protein levels. Since cattle are herbivores and demand roughage in their nutrition, silage, hay and/or haylage are all feasible feed options.^[15] Despite this 3/4th of the 32 pounds (fourteen.52 kg) of feed cattle eat each twenty-four hour period will be corn.^[xvi] Cattle weighing yard lbs. will drink an boilerplate of 41 L a day, and approximately 82 L in hot atmospheric condition.^[17] They need a constant supply of proficient quality feed and potable water according to the v Freedoms of Animal Welfare.^[18]

Nearly Beef cattle are finished in feedlots. The first feedlots were constructed in the early 1950s. Some of these feedlots grew so large they warranted a new designation, "Full-bodied Fauna Feeding Functioning" (CAFO). Virtually American beefiness cattle spend the last half of their lives in a CAFO.^[16]

Cattle processing [edit]

A steer that weighs 1,000 lb (450 kg) when alive makes a carcass weighing approximately 615 lb (280 kg), one time the claret, head, anxiety, skin, offal and guts are removed. The carcass is so hung in a cold room for between one and four weeks, during which fourth dimension it loses some weight as water dries from the meat. It is then deboned and cutting past a butcher or packing house, the carcass would brand about 430 lb (200 kg) of beef.^[19] Depending on what cuts of meat are desired, there is a scale of marbled meat used to decide the quality. Marbling is the fatty that is within the muscle, not around it. The more than marbled a cutting is, the higher information technology will class and be worth more.^[20]

Slaughtering of livestock has three distinct stages: preslaughter treatment, stunning and slaughtering. The biggest concern is preslaughter handling, how the animal is treated earlier it is stunned and slaughtered. Stress at this time can cause adverse furnishings on the meat, h2o access and lower stocking densities have been immune to minimize this. However, admission to feed is restricted for 12–24 hours prior to slaughtering for ease of evisceration. Stunning is done when the beast is restrained in a chute so motility is limited. In one case restrained the brute tin can be stunned in one of iii methods: penetrating captive bolt, non-penetrating captive commodities and gunshot. Most abattoirs use convict bolts over guns. Stunning ensures the animal feels no pain during slaughtering and reduces the animals stress, therefore increasing the quality of meat. The concluding step is slaughtering, typically the animal will exist hung by its back leg and its throat volition be slit to allow exsanguination. The hide will be removed for further processing at this point and the brute will be cleaved downwards with evisceration and decapitation. The carcass will be placed in a cooler for 24–48 hours prior to meat cut.^[21]

Breeds [edit]

Brood	Origin	Description
Adaptaur	Australia	A tropically adapted Bos taurus brood, adult from crosses betwixt Herefords and Shorthorns.
Afrikaner cattle	South Africa	Afrikaners are usually deep carmine or blackness with long spreading horns. They have the small cervico-thoracic hump typical of Sanga cattle.
Aberdeen Angus	Scotland	Pure black, sometimes with white at udder. Polled. Hardy and thrifty.
Australian Braford	Commonwealth of australia	Developed for resistance to ticks and for heat tolerance by crossing Brahmans and Herefords.
Australian Brangus	Australia	Polled breed developed by crossing Angus and Brahman
Australian Charbray	Australia	Developed past crossing Charolais and Brahman and selected for resistance to heat, humidity, parasites and diseases.
Barzona	United States (Arizona)	Developed in the high desert, inter-mountain region of Arizona.
Beefalo	United States	Hybrid between a moo-cow and an American bison.
Beef Shorthorn	England and Scotland	Suitable for both dairy and beef.
Beefmaster	Usa (Texas)	Developed past breeding the Brahman, Shorthorn, and Hereford.
Belgian Blueish	Belgium	Gray roan, or white with grey on head. Extremely muscular (double muscled). Fast-growing if well-fed.
Belmont Red	Australia	A composite brood using Africander (African Sanga) and Hereford-Shorthorn
Belted Galloway	Scotland	Black with white band around middle, stocky, fairly long pilus, polled. Very hardy and thrifty.
Black Hereford	Great Great britain	A crossbreed produced by crossing a Hereford bull with Holstein or Friesian cows; used to obtain beef offspring from dairy cows. Not maintained as a dissever breed, although females may exist used for further convenance with other beef bulls.
Blonde d'Aquitaine	France	Pale brown, paler round eyes and nose. Muscular. Fast-growing if well-fed.
Bonsmara	South Africa	Developed from 10/xvi Afrikaner, 3/16 Hereford and 3/16 Shorthorn cattle.
Boran	East Africa (Federal democratic republic of ethiopia-Kenya)	Normally white, with the bulls being darker (sometimes about black).
Brahman	Bharat	Large, pendulous ears and dewlaps, hump over the shoulders.
Brangus	United States	Developed by crossing Angus and Brahman.
British White	Groovy U.k.	White body, with blackness (or sometimes cerise) ears, nose and feet; polled (hornless). Hardy and thrifty.
Caracu	Brazil
Charolais	France	Wholly white or cream, lyre-shaped pale horns, or polled. Fast-growing if well-fed.
Chianina	Italy	Dual-purpose, originally large draft breed, after selected for beef.
Corriente	Mexico	Hardy, small, athletic, criollo-type, descended from Iberian cattle. Used in rodeo sports, noted for lean meat. Short horns, various colors, often spotted. As well called Criollo or Chinampo.
Crioulo Lageano	Iberian Peninsula	400-year-old longhorn brood with around 700 individuals that live close to the plateau of Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Dairy Shorthorn	United Kingdom	Suitable for both dairy and beef.
Dexter	Republic of ireland	Very pocket-sized, black or dun, dark horns. Sometimes has a dwarfing gene, leading to very brusk legs. Hardy and thrifty.
Droughtmaster	Australia	Developed past crossing Brahman cattle with taurine breeds, peculiarly the Beef Shorthorn. Tolerant of heat and ticks.
English Longhorn	England	Red or brindle, with white back and abdomen. Very long cylindrical horns normally spreading sideways or downwards, often curving and even eventually making a circle. Medium size, hardy.
Fleckvieh	Switzerland	Crimson pied or solid red, polled or horned. Sturdy dual-purpose for beef and dairy. Formerly triple-purpose (beefiness, dairy and draught). Fast-growing if well-fed.
Florida Cracker cattle	United States	Small, criollo-type descended from cattle brought to the Southern U.S. past the Castilian conquistadors. Adjusted to subtropical climate, parasite-resistant. An endangered brood.
Galloway	Scotland	Black, stocky, fairly long hair, polled. Very hardy and thrifty.
Gascon cattle	French republic	Grey, hardy, maternal breed. Good growth and conformation of calves. Suitable for all farming systems, bred pure or crossed with a concluding sire.
Gelbvieh	Germany	Cherry, strong skin pigmentation, polled. Superior fertility, calving ease, mothering ability, and growth rate of calves.[22]
Hanwoo	Korea
Hérens	Switzerland
Hereford	England	Red, white caput, white finching on neck, and white switch.
Highland	Scotland	Small, stocky; black, cerise, dun or white. Very long glaze and very long pale horns, upswept in cows and steers. Very hardy and thrifty.
Hungarian Greyness	Hungary	Robust, like shooting fish in a barrel-calving and long-lived. Horns long, curved and directed upward. Slender and tall. Well-adapted to extensive pasture systems.
Irish Moiled	Ireland	Red with white dorsum and belly, or white with scarlet ears, olfactory organ and anxiety. Polled. Hardy and thrifty.
Jabres	Central Coffee, Indonesia	Colors varied from low-cal brown to nighttime brown with a black stripe spans from dorsum to tail.
Japanese Shorthorn	Japan	A breed of small beef cattle.
Limousin	Limousin and Marche regions of France	Mid-brown, paler round optics and olfactory organ. Fast-growing if well-fed.
Lincoln Carmine	England
Lowline	Australia	Developed by selectively convenance pocket-size Angus cattle.
Luing	Luing and surrounding Inner Hebrides, Scotland	Rough coat, scarlet-chocolate-brown, polled. Bred by crossing Beef Shorthorn with Highland. Very hardy and thrifty.
Madurese	Due east Java, Republic of indonesia	Pocket-sized body, short legs, reddish yellow pilus.
Maine-Anjou	Anjou region in France	Crimson-and-white pied, polled, fast-growing if well-fed.
Mocho Nacional	Brazil	Polled
Murray Grayness	Southward Eastern Australia	Grey or silver polled cattle developed from a roan Shorthorn cow and an Angus bull. Easy-care versatile cattle that have been exported to many countries.
Nelore	Republic of india	Exported to Brazil, where it has become a dominant breed.
Nguni	South Africa	Extremely hardy brood developed by the Nguni tribes for harsh African conditions. Originally derived from the African Sanga cattle, although quite distinct. Three subgroups are recognized: Makhatini, Swazi and Pedi.
North Devon	Devon, Cornwall and Somerset, England	Ruby-reddish, white tail switch, white horns.
Piedmontese	Piedmont, Italian republic	Bred both for beef and dairy production; double-muscled. White-coloured and possessing myostatin genes.
Pineywoods	Gulf Coast, Us	Landrace heritage endangered breed, lean, small, adapted to climate of the Deep South, affliction-resistant. Short horns, various colors, often spotted.
Pinzgauer	Austria	Indigenous to the Pinz Valley. Dairy cattle in Europe, but well-adapted to drier landscapes of the US, Australia and South Africa, where they are kept for beef production. Solid cherry with very distinctive white blaze from wither, down to tail tip and underside.
Crimson Angus	Australia, United States	Colour variety of Angus in some countries: solid crimson. Polled.
Red Poll	East Anglia in England	Red with white switch, polled (hornless), dual-purpose.
Ruby-red Sindhi	Sindh in Pakistan	Red Sindhi cattle are the most popular of all zebu dairy breeds. In Pakistan, they are kept for beef production or dairy farming.
Romagnola	Italy	Bred primarily for beef production; oft used as draught beasts in the by. White or grey with blackness pigmented pare and up curving horns.
Romosinuano	Colombia
Rubia Gallega	Kingdom of spain	A breed of cattle native to the autonomous customs of Galicia in northward-western Kingdom of spain. It is raised mainly for meat. It is distributed throughout Galicia, with nigh 75% of the population full-bodied in the province of Lugo. The coat may exist reddish-blond, wheaten, or cinnamon-coloured.
Salers	France	Red. Hardy, easy calving.
Santa Gertrudis	Southern Texas, US	Developed by crossing red Shorthorn and Brahman.
Simmental	Western Switzerland	Yellowish-brown, white head. Fast-growing if well-fed. Triple-purpose (beef, dairy and draught).
Shorthorn/Beefiness Shorthorn	Northern England	Red, cerise with white back and belly, or white.
Square Meater	New South Wales, Australia	Small, grey or silver, polled; similar to Murray Grey.
Sussex	South-eastward England	Rich chestnut reddish with white tail switch and white horns. Also used for draught until the early 20th century. Hardy and thrifty.
Tabapuan	Brazil
Tajima	Nihon	Black Wagyu bred for internationally renowned beef such as Kobe and Matsuzaka.
Texas Longhorn	United States	Various colours, with very long, tapering, upswept horns – extending as much as 80 inches (2.0 m) tip to tip. Very hardy in dry climates. Calorie-free-muscled, so bulls often used for offset-calf heifers.
Wagyū	Nihon	Black, horned, and noted for heavy marbling (intramuscular fat deposition).
Welsh Black	Wales	Blackness, white upswept horns with blackness tips. Hardy.
White Park	Great U.k., Republic of ireland	White, with black (or sometimes scarlet) ears, nose and feet; white horns with dark tips. Hardy and thrifty.
Żubroń	Poland	Hybrid betwixt a cow and a European bison.

See also [edit]

• Conjugated linoleic acid
• List of cattle breeds

References [edit]

1. ^ ^{a b c d} "Beef Production". Academy of Guelph, Beast Sciences. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
2. ^ "Beef Research School: What'southward the Latest Inquiry on Antimicrobial Resistance?". RealAgricultureOnline. Retrieved April vi, 2013.
3. ^ "The History of Fleckvieh Dual Purpose Cattle". Better Dairy Cow. Retrieved February one, 2018.
4. ^ "Pregnant cows, timing of pregnancy, open cows, pregnancy rate". Academy of Nebraska-Lincoln, Found of Agriculture and Natural Resource. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
5. ^ "Overview of Breeding Soundness Examination of the Male person". Merck Transmission Veterinary Manual. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
6. ^ ^{a b} "Recommended code of exercise for the care and handling of farm animals: Beef cattle" (PDF). Agriculture Canada. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
7. ^ Eadie, Jim (May 16, 2017). "Code of Practice for the Intendance and Handling of Beef Cattle". Beef Producer. Archived from the original on September 24, 2020. Retrieved May 30, 2020.
8. ^ "Code of practice for the care and handling of beefiness cattle: Review of scientific research on priority bug" (PDF). Agriculture Canada. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
9. ^ "How much feed will my cow eat". Ministry of Agriculture Alberta. Retrieved April six, 2013.
10. ^ nap.edu: "Nutrient Requirements of Beef Cattle Eighth Revised Edition (2016)"
11. ^ uaex.edu: "Beefiness cattle diet serial - Function 3: Nutrient Requirement Tables", Academy of Arkansas Segmentation of Agronomics publication MP391
12. ^ National Enquiry Quango (U.South.). Subcommittee on Beef Cattle Nutrition: "Food requirements of beefiness cattle, sixth revised edition 1984"
13. ^ world wide web.carc-crac.ca: "Recommended code of practice for the care and treatment of subcontract animals: Beef Cattle", p.2 of the 1991 edition
14. ^ [https://annal.org/details/beefcattlefeedin1025weic/page/eight Weichenthal, B. A; Russell, H. G (1970): "Beef cattle feeding suggestions : nutrient requirements, balancing rations, protein supplements, suggested rations" Urbana, IL : University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Agronomics, Cooperative Extension Service
15. ^ "Feeding Beef Cattle: Tips for a Salubrious, Pasture-Based Diet". Mother Earth News. Retrieved Feb one, 2018.
16. ^ ^{a b} Pollan, Michael (2006). The Omnivores Dilemma. Penguin.
17. ^ "Beef Cattle: The codes of practice" (PDF). Agriculture Canada. Retrieved April 6, 2013.
18. ^ "five Freedoms of Animal Welfare". Canadian Federation of Humane Societies. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
19. ^ "yard lb. steer to 610 lbs. beef". Oklahoma Nutrient Rubber Division. Retrieved Apr 6, 2013.
20. ^ "What is Marbling in Meat?". The Spruce. Retrieved March 22, 2018.
21. ^ "Meat processing - Livestock slaughter procedures". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved March 27, 2018.
22. ^ "Breeds of Livestock". Gelbvieh. Archived from the original on November 4, 2008. Retrieved Nov 11, 2008.

External links [edit]

• Oklahoma Country University pages nearly cattle breeds.

roywitheyesse1999.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beef_cattle

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